The field studies of radio signal parameters changes at passing through characteristic soil of reclamation systems are carried out. Peculiarities of radio signal attenuation in conditions of operating land reclamation systems were revealed. Frequencies, which can be used for transmission of information flows through the soil-soil array, are established.

To study the features and limitations inherent in various methods of relief survey, a comparative analysis of digital terrain models of land reclamation objects based on ground topographic survey materials, digital aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles and aerial laser scanning was carried out. It is established that for the design of land reclamation measures, calculation of relief morphometric characteristics and modeling surface runoff, it is advisable to use a combined method of terrain survey, in which the survey of an object is carried out using aerial topographic methods followed by additional ground survey in places that are difficult to access for remote types of survey, such as drainless depressions filled with water, areas overgrown with dense trees and shrubby vegetation and etc.

The high efficiency of drainage of waterlogged mineral lands has been established if it is complemented by a set of measures to increase soil fertility through liming, the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, including sapropel-based composts, as well as the cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses and stubble crops. The expediency of expanding the area of early-ripening grain crops, especially winter barley, is noted.

The rationale for the construction of two-column twofilter water wells is presented based on the results of field studies of experimental wells of various designs: a typical single-column well, a two-column two-filter well with filters at the same level and connecting jumpers, and a singlecolumn well with a two-section filter, drilled in the village of Primorye, Minsk region. The calculation of the rock filtration coefficient is described, which characterizes both the filter resistance and the indicator of the generalized resistance of the filter and the filter zone. The results of field studies of an operating two-column two-filter well in the village of Voyskaya, Kamenets district, Brest region, are presented.

In the Republic of Belarus, there is a need to define criteria for the identification and classification of surface water bodies that are of natural origin, but which cannot be attributed to natural ones, since they have permanent and irreversible changes in hydromorphological and, as a result, hydrological characteristics. In international practice, such water objects are referred to as heavily modified water bodies (HMWB). The article presents the main criteria in relation of Belarus based on the results of research work carried out in the period 2018–2023 in the field of inventory and classification of surface water objects in accordance with the Water Code of the Republic of Belarus.

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the influence of phytomelioration and liming on the agrophysical properties of the soil when introducing fallow lands into agricultural use using the example of sod-podzolic soil of the experimental plot of the Meshchersky branch of the «Federal Scientific Center of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov». The article presents long-term observations of the agrophysical indicators of the developed deposit, a technological scheme for the development of fallow lands is described. The dynamics of the density of sod-podzolic soil on phytomeliorant crops under conditions of monoculture, crop rotation and chemical reclamation. Spring rape, angustifolia lupine and common oats were used as master crops. It has been established that phytomeliorants have a different effect on soil density, which is determined by the degree of development of their root system. Spring rape is characterized by the greatest decompaction efficiency, which is advisable to cultivate when developing fallow lands with a heavy granulometric composition. In all experimental variants studied, the soil density gradually increases due to precipitation and the influence of gravity, which is clearly visible in the upper arable layer of 0–20 cm. Both the fallow land and the developed area have an optimal density of the arable layer, which is 1.15–1.17 g/cm3 , which corresponds to favorable values for sod-podzolic soil and allows for successful cultivation of both grain and fodder crops on such lands, as well as row crops, including potatoes and root crops.

Specific activity of Сesium-137 in hay of cereal grasses growing on radioactively contaminated peat-gley soils depends on highly covariable factors having both positive and negative influence. During the regression analysis a quantitative dependence on 10 indicators has been established of the transition of Сesium-137 in grasses has been developed, which will make it possible to identify the dominant factors with a high degree of probability and reduce the coefficients of its transition from soil to hay of perennial grasses.

The article informs about saline soils of irrigated lands of the Mugan steppe and the causes of its salinization. The research results show that in this area, in places where the condition of collector-drainage and irrigation networks is unsatisfactory, an increased level of groundwater mineralization and soil salinity has been identified. Where collector-drainage and irrigation systems operate efficiently, these indicators have decreased by 10–15 %. Comprehensive reclamation measures have been proposed to improve the condition of the lands in this region.

Data of Azerbaijan's water resources have been analyzed; comprehensive measures have been grounded to increase the efficiency of water use in irrigation as an effective response to the challenges associated with climate change in the context of declining water resources. It has been proposed to reconstruct irrigation and reclamation systems using new irrigation technologies, as well as to improve their management to prevent unproductive water losses and to create conditions for receiving sustainable crop yields.

Information about water sources in Azerbaijan, areas of their use, the number of water sources and fresh water reserves is systematized. However, despite this, fresh water resources in the country are very limited. Depending on the water content of the year, the total reserve of groundwater and surface fresh water is 11.1 billion m3 in extremely dry years and 46.3 billion m3 in wet years, and the average long-term reserve is 36.68 billion m3. In recent years, due to global climate change, water resources have been gradually declining. Therefore, there is a serious need to create additional water reserves, and existing water resources need to be used more efficiently and economically.