Plant water consumption depends on soil and climatic conditions and culture physiology and, as an element of water balance, includes plant transpiration and evaporation from the soil surface. Water consumption is difficult to measure, so it is usually calculated using indirect indexes. The most accurate as indicated by numerous research, is the bioclimatic method for calculating water consumption, when calculations are based on a rather stable correlation of moisture consumption on an agricultural field with one of the meteorological indicators, for example, with a deficit of air humidity, daily average or maximum air temperature. In this regard, the biological component is taken into account through the so-called bioclimatic (biothermal) coefficients. In our calculations, plant water consumption was linked to the maximum air temperature per day, using biothermal coefficients. Comparative analysis of measured in the field and calculated soil moisture reserves showed that the accuracy of calculating the soil water balance to a great extent depends on the method of establishing the biothermal coefficients of water consumption of crops.

The article deals with the suffusion resistance of mineral soils. Calculations were performed to substantiate the absence of suffusion in some samples. The results of assessing the suffusion stability of the investigated soils in accordance with the geometrical removal criterion are presented. Dependences are given that take into account the decrease in the pore size of the soil and the increase in the particle size due to the formation of films of bound water.

The results of variety testing of a new variety of Lathyrus sylvestris L. are considered. Morphological features of the plant, its biological characteristics are described. The results of agroecological testing are considered: winter hardiness, lodging resistance, drought resistance. The results of presowing treatment of seeds to accelerate their germination are presented.

Тhe main requirements for the production of green feed and raw materials for the preparation of feed on improved hayfields, the composition of hay grass mixtures for different types of soils are given. Factors considered productive longevity meadows on reclaimed land when the use of mineral fertilizers, organization of raw material conveyor, particularly harvesting of meadow grass and harvesting of grass forage harvesting and silage packing in polymeric materials, the economic efficiency of meadow fodder production.

The article presents the results of the research, conducted in 2016–2020 on agricultural peat soils of the Polesie region. The impact of agrotechnical methods of yellow-flowered alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) cultivation on the formation of yield of green mass was studied. It was established that the yield of yellow alfalfa was the maximum with no-cover sowing. The best seed rate is 24 kg/ha, regardless of the sowing method. The total yield of yellow alfalfa with a cover crop with an increase in the seeding rate to 18–24 kg / ha is comparable to the yield of alfalfa with non-cover sowing. The yield value was improved by increasing doses of fertilizers to P₉₀K₉₀.

In recent decades, due to global warming, the territory of the Western Caspian Sea becomes promising for the cultivation of many thermophilic crops, including industrial and oil-bearing species. The North Caucasian branch has carried out research on the introduction of non-traditional plant species with high oil content and multipurpose use. Among them, we have identified the crops of peanuts and krambe. To introduce them into production, bioecological features were studied, the optimal sowing dates were determined, coinciding with the onset of the actual ripeness of the soil in the region (+10 °C), this is the end of April – the first half of May. The period from germination to full ripeness under the new growing conditions was 125 days for peanuts, 98 days for krambe. The positive effect of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of introduced plants has been established. The use of new types of high-oil crops that have shown a high adaptability to environmental factors, stability in obtaining high yields will increase the vegetative potential of the region’s agroforestry landscapes.

In conditions of radioactive contamination, along with creating optimal conditions for obtaining stable yields, liming aimed at reducing the availability of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs radionuclides from the soil to plants.

The study of the properties of the diatomite earth deposits of Stalnoye (Khotimsk district, Mogilev region) in the field experience on sod-podzolic light loamy soil under conditions of radioactive contamination showed that the effect on reducing the transfer of radionuclides to products in comparison with dolomite flour is comparable or exceeds it. The resulting increases in the yield of spring wheat and oats are superior to those with the use of dolomite flour. In the link of crop rotation, wheat- oats-lupine in the variant with a full dose of trepel – by 31.5 %, with a half dose – by 6.5%. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of using dolomite flour and trepel is ambiguous, since trepel is presented on the market as a feed additive. In this regard, the maximum value of the cost of repayment of acidity on 1 ha of slightly acidic soils contaminated with radionuclides using trepel at a dose equivalent to 6 t/ha of CaCO₃ (840.31 rubles/ha) and the maximum selling price for it (13.32 rubles/t), which allows to ensure 5 % efficiency of costs for agrochemization in the conditions of field experience.

Migration capacity of soil-applied herbicides in peat soils of various stages of transformation was studied and assessed through the model experiment. S-metolachlor migrates marginally to layers below 2.5 cm. By day 110, the quantity of the herbicide determined was negligible. Clomazone was characterized by higher levels of migration both laterally (up to 12.5 cm deep in 40 days) and along the upper layers. Its main amount was noted in the 0–5 cm layer. Consequently, clomazone can inhibit the weeds growth from the seeds in a layer up to 5 cm.