On the basis of the data obtained on the physical model of the washing process of samples of polyethylene drainage pipes, an assessment of the effectiveness of the application of the measure to maintain the efficiency of drainage was carried out. In physical modeling, drainage samples with undisturbed deposits of ochre and ground sediments were used, they were selected from drainage lines that had worked for 14 years in conditions of high content of acidic iron compounds in groundwater, against the background of intense silting by dusty sandy deposits.

In the mountainous and foothill regions of Russia, two tasks often arise: the need to create a reclamation system and to create an anti-landslide protection system. The integration of reclamation (drainage and irrigation) infrastructure with anti-landslide protection allows for a dual effect: to ensure optimal soil moisture conditions for agricultural production and to simultaneously stabilize potentially landslide-prone slopes. The creation of a single drainage system instead of separate structures can lead to significant savings in capital and operating costs, provided that a thorough feasibility study is conducted. The proposed methodology establishes criteria and a procedure for comparing an integrated solution with the traditional approach of separate implementation.

The essence of physical processes of water filtration in soils and the water-receiving capacity of drains under the influence of vacuum is provided on the basis of review of scientific and technical sources. Data from exploratory studies on drainage vacuuming is presented: laboratory and field studies at a pilot site under various environmental conditions. The vacuum value required to ensure the stable operation of drainage network components is determined. Hydrological conditions which affect its stable operation during vacuuming were determined: groundwater level, soil type, and horizontal drainage position.

The results of studying the features of the formation of mixed crops of cereals (winter rye, winter barley, oats) and leguminous crops (winter and spring vetch) on anthropogenic-transformed peat soil are presented. The collection of the drymass of crops has been determined. The share of winter vetch the mixture with winter barley was 91.5–94.5 % of the crop, and in mixture with winter rye – 15.7–25.7 %. The dry matter yield of crops has been determined, the feed value of grain silage has been calculated and thead vantage of energy (exchange energy ‒ 9.6–9.7 MJ) and protein nutrition (crude protein – 16.1–16.6 % in dry matter) of a mixture of winter barley and winter vetch was revealed.

On sod-podzolic soils, the risks and limi­ tations of grain and potato production for food purposes consistently decrease from sandy to loamy soils. However, soil fertility has a significant impact on these parameters. With optimal soil availability of available potassium and a near-neutral soil pH, the risk of producing crops with excessive ¹³⁷Cs or ⁹⁰Sr levels is reduced by two times or more compared to soils with low fertility. In peat soils contaminated with ¹³⁷Cs, the probability of exceeding the radionuclide content in grain of major cereal crops and potato tubers is significantly higher than in mineral sodpodzolic soils with the same radioactive contamination density. At the same time, the risk of producing produce with excess ⁹⁰Sr content is lower in peat soils